The optimal number of deaths
Dear Hiveans,
after some busy weeks today a short post. As @blanchy recently called me a controversialist, I'll strive to live up to this reputation.
Nearly 6 years ago when Covid hit, a friend of mine (health economist) gave a lecture and told the audience that the optimal number of deaths by Covid is not zero. Numerous listeners were angered but his reasoning was correct. The only possibility to reduce the Covid deaths to zero was a complete lockdown with zero exceptions. Thereby the virus cannot spread further and 2 weeks later you won't have any more Covid deaths. But there is a trade-off, of course. A complete lockdown will shut down production (of food, materials, transportation, health services, etc.) and this will very quickly lead to many more deaths than a flu pandemic.
The same principle applies to
- speed limit: some eco-fanatics want to tighten speed limits. But where is the optimal number of deaths by road traffic? With a speed limit of zero, you have zero road traffic deaths, but you'll get numerous supply problems of goods and overall many more deaths.
- greenhouse gas emissions: What is the optimal number of deaths by climate change (if it could be determined or measured at all)? Reducing emissions to zero would marginally slow climate change, but on the other hand the economy would come to a halt, people would lose their jobs, suicides would shoot up, people would starve, riots would emerge, and overall we'd get more deaths.
- minimum wage: sounds good because it could boost income for low-wage workers, reducing poverty and improving living standards. On the other hand workers whose marginal product of labor is below the minimum wage will lose their job leading to the opposite of the minimum wage's goal.
- deficit spending: during recessions, government borrowing can fund stimulus (e.g., infrastructure or unemployment benefits) and prevent economic collapse. But excessive debt accumulation leads to inflation and higher interest rates. Overall by deficit spending you cannot increase consumption overall, you can just bring consumption forward in time. What you consume now, you can't consume later. Thus, there will be future (even harsher) austerity measures, which might cut social programs and increase inequality.
Crypto declined quite a bit in the last weeks . On the positive side, bear markets are the best time to build, to continue building one's audience / followership, to continue writing and earning Hive and to not think too much about the value of one's token stack. Two days ago the Fed ended Quantitative Tightening and poured some billions in the repo market (credible (?) source). So perhaps we'll get another leg of a bull market. Fingers crossed 🤞
Have a great day,
zuerich
Memes...









Liebe Hiver,
nach einigen anstrengenden Wochen heute ein kurzer Post. Da @blanchy mich kürzlich als Controversialist bezeichnet hat, werde ich mich bemühen, diesem Ruf gerecht zu werden.
Vor fast 6 Jahren, als Covid ausbrach, hielt ein Freund von mir (Gesundheitsökonom) einen Vortrag und erklärte dem Publikum, dass die optimale Zahl der Todesfälle durch Covid nicht Null sei. Zahlreiche Zuhörer waren empört, aber seine Argumentation war richtig. Die einzige Möglichkeit, die Covid-Todesfälle auf null zu reduzieren, war ein vollständiger Lockdown ohne Ausnahmen. Dadurch kann sich das Virus nicht weiter ausbreiten und zwei Wochen später gibt es keine Covid-Todesfälle mehr. Aber natürlich gibt es einen Trade-Off. Ein vollständiger Lockdown würde die Produktion (von Lebensmitteln, Materialien, Transport, Gesundheitsdienstleistungen usw.) lahmlegen, was sehr schnell zu viel mehr Todesfällen führen würde als eine Grippe Pandemie.
Das gleiche Prinzip gilt für
- Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzungen: Einige Öko-Fanatiker wollen die Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzungen verschärfen. Aber wo liegt die optimale Zahl der Todesfälle im Straßenverkehr? Bei einer Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung von null gibt es keine Todesfälle im Straßenverkehr, aber es kommt zu zahlreichen Versorgungsproblemen bei Gütern und insgesamt zu viel mehr Todesfällen.
- Treibhausgasemissionen: Was ist die optimale Zahl an Todesfällen durch den Klimawandel (sofern diese überhaupt bestimmt oder gemessen werden könnte)? Eine Reduzierung der Emissionen auf null würde den Klimawandel marginal verlangsamen, aber andererseits würde die Wirtschaft zum Erliegen kommen, Menschen würden ihre Arbeitsplätze verlieren, die Selbstmordrate würde in die Höhe schnellen, Menschen würden hungern, es käme zu Unruhen und insgesamt gäbe es mehr Todesfälle.
- Mindestlohn: Klingt gut, weil er das Einkommen von Niedriglohnarbeitern steigern, die Armut verringern und den Lebensstandard verbessern könnte. Andererseits würden Arbeitnehmer, deren Grenzertrag unter dem Mindestlohn liegt, ihren Arbeitsplatz verlieren, was zum Gegenteil des Ziels des Mindestlohns führen würde.
- Defizitausgaben: In Rezessionszeiten können kreditfinanzierte Staatsausgaben Konjunkturmaßnahmen (z.B. Infrastruktur) finanzieren und einen wirtschaftlichen Zusammenbruch verhindern. Eine übermäßige Anhäufung von Schulden führt jedoch zu Inflation und höheren Zinssätzen. Insgesamt kann man durch Defizitausgaben den Konsum nicht steigern, sondern nur zeitlich vorziehen. Was man jetzt konsumiert, kann man später nicht mehr konsumieren. Daher wird es in Zukunft (noch härtere) Sparmaßnahmen geben, die zu Kürzungen bei Sozialprogrammen und einer Zunahme der Ungleichheit führen.
Kryptowährungen haben in den letzten Wochen deutlich an Wert verloren. Bärenmärkte sind jedoch die beste Zeit, um zu akkumulieren, um sein Publikum/seine Follower weiter auszubauen, um weiter zu schreiben und Hive zu verdienen und um nicht zu viel über den Wert seines Crypto-Bestands nachzudenken. Vor zwei Tagen hat die Fed ihr Quantitative Tightening beendet und einige Milliarden in den Repo-Markt gepumpt (glaubwürdige (?) Quelle). Vielleicht erleben wir also eine weitere Phase des Bullenmarktes. Daumen drücken 🤞
Have a great day,
zuerich
Memes...














Hi, you've written a piece that can be used as a valuable reference for critical arguments and I largely agree with your submission. I agree that the push for zero deaths is unrealistic because eliminating one risk often opens up the possibilities of a lot others.
However, I think it would be best to treat the optimal number of deaths to a target that proves that we've pushed it responsibly, as far as we possibly can.
Per the comment about crypto, I think I'm doing just the same. I'm sticking to publishing my posts every other day, engaging with others, while hoping that my content reaches more people. This first, before anything. I've got a lot of patience for the bull run. Lol. Wishing you a less stressful day. Cheers!
You can also say that Covid killed off the old and weak first which will have a positive effect on hospital waiting lists , government exchequer payments with less pensions. So if there ever was a virus that would help the economy in the long term , it was that one . It was like someone invented it in a lab maybe . 🧐There you go now . I’m being more controversial for you 😀😀.
Guten tag, Dear @zuerich !
I believe the Overlords are using tricks to reduce the human population on Earth!
Danke gut!
Alles hat seinen Preis. Der Mittelweg ist daher meist der Beste.
I think your core point is very vali, @zuerich. Big decisions always involve trade-offs, and aiming for zero risk in complex systems often creates new problems. It’s a good reminder to keep nuance in the conversation. Unfortunately, the last few years have shown how dissenting opinions are often treated.
!POB
!HBIT
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As I read this I thought of the tradeoff a parent makes every day. Optimal risk would mean locking the child away. Not letting the child go to camp. Not letting the child drive, go out with friends, travel. Optimal risk...as close to zero as possible, would destroy the child.
There is a tradeoff, a balance? There is a cost to every freedom we give a child, and a cost to every freedom we deny the child.
This may sound irrelevant to you (are you a parent?), but I found making those decision, having that responsibility, the most excruciating part of parenting.
This was very insightful.
We make trade-off decisions every day, choosing the path with the least risk.
Those few lines of crypto insight were very encouraging. 💯
Best regards, Zürich.✨
This explanation is too persuasive. You got me thinking in that direction .💔😆